Temperament – Behaviour style, characteristic emotional responses
- early Adults assume greater responsibilities, forsee consequences, plan ahead, more even-keeled than in adolescence
- some Link between childhood temperament & adult personality; Highly Active Children @ 4 years old are likely to be very outgoing at 23
→ Children with Easy temperament @ 3-5 likely to be Well-Adjused young adults
→ Children with Difficult temperament @ 3-5 likely to be Not Well-Adjusted young adults
→ Boys with Difficult Temperament in Childhood Less likely to continue Education
→ Girls with Difficult Temperament in Childhood more likely to experience Marital Conflict as
Young Adults
→ Children with good Control of Emotions & Resilient to Stress likely to handle Emotion Well
As adults, Children with poor control of emotions have problems with emotion as adults
Attachment
- Securely attatched adults more satisfied with their close relationships than insecurely attached adults
→ Relationships of securely attached adults more likely to be characterized by Trust, Commitment, Longevity
→ Securely attached adults more likely to provide support when they are distressed, more likely to give support when partner is distressed
→ Adults with avoidant & anxious attachment styles were more likely to be depressed than securely attached adults
- People with Anxious/Avoidant attachment styles more likely to have unwanted but consensual sexual experiences than securely attached adults
→ Attachment – Related Anxiety: individuals feel secure/insecure about whether a partner will be available, repsonsive, attentive
→ Attachment – Related Avoidance: Degree to which Individuals feel Secure/Insecure in relying on, opening up to, being intimate with others
- Securely Attached Adults have low levels of Attachment – related anxiety & avoidance
- Quality of Childhood attachment relationships with Parents is Linked with Quality of adult romantic relationships
→ Adults who were Securely attached to parents in childhood are more likely to have secure attachment to romantic partners
John Bowlby – Father of Attachment Theory, Found that Children have needs of Trust & Security which must be met by atleast One Caregiver
→ Adults transfer these needs to Romantic Partner
→ Treat Partners as Adults, but Must tap into & Respond to Partner's Needs with same care & concern we would give to a child
→ “Attachment Injuries” occur when innate needs aren't met
- Attachment styles are not cast in stone, can vary between individuals
→ Stressful & disruptive life experiences (death of parents, instable care giving) can change attachment style as an Adult
→ Relationships in Adult Years can change attachment styles due to positive/negative experiences
- early Adults assume greater responsibilities, forsee consequences, plan ahead, more even-keeled than in adolescence
- some Link between childhood temperament & adult personality; Highly Active Children @ 4 years old are likely to be very outgoing at 23
→ Children with Easy temperament @ 3-5 likely to be Well-Adjused young adults
→ Children with Difficult temperament @ 3-5 likely to be Not Well-Adjusted young adults
→ Boys with Difficult Temperament in Childhood Less likely to continue Education
→ Girls with Difficult Temperament in Childhood more likely to experience Marital Conflict as
Young Adults
→ Children with good Control of Emotions & Resilient to Stress likely to handle Emotion Well
As adults, Children with poor control of emotions have problems with emotion as adults
Attachment
- Securely attatched adults more satisfied with their close relationships than insecurely attached adults
→ Relationships of securely attached adults more likely to be characterized by Trust, Commitment, Longevity
→ Securely attached adults more likely to provide support when they are distressed, more likely to give support when partner is distressed
→ Adults with avoidant & anxious attachment styles were more likely to be depressed than securely attached adults
- People with Anxious/Avoidant attachment styles more likely to have unwanted but consensual sexual experiences than securely attached adults
→ Attachment – Related Anxiety: individuals feel secure/insecure about whether a partner will be available, repsonsive, attentive
→ Attachment – Related Avoidance: Degree to which Individuals feel Secure/Insecure in relying on, opening up to, being intimate with others
- Securely Attached Adults have low levels of Attachment – related anxiety & avoidance
- Quality of Childhood attachment relationships with Parents is Linked with Quality of adult romantic relationships
→ Adults who were Securely attached to parents in childhood are more likely to have secure attachment to romantic partners
John Bowlby – Father of Attachment Theory, Found that Children have needs of Trust & Security which must be met by atleast One Caregiver
→ Adults transfer these needs to Romantic Partner
→ Treat Partners as Adults, but Must tap into & Respond to Partner's Needs with same care & concern we would give to a child
→ “Attachment Injuries” occur when innate needs aren't met
- Attachment styles are not cast in stone, can vary between individuals
→ Stressful & disruptive life experiences (death of parents, instable care giving) can change attachment style as an Adult
→ Relationships in Adult Years can change attachment styles due to positive/negative experiences
Attraction, Love, Close Relationships
Attraction
Familiarity & Similarity
- Familiarity is a condition that is necessary for close relationships to develop
- Knowing eachother for a long amount of time
- We like to associate with people who are similar to us
→ Similar values, attitudes, intelligence, tastes, etc.
- Sometimes opposites attract, but overall similarity of Characteristics attracts
- Married couples with similar personality attributes have higher marital satisfaction than their counterparts with dissimilar personality attributes
- Similarity in attitudes and values did not predict marital satisfaction
- Consensual Validation explains peoples attraction to others who are similar to them
→ People's attitudes & behaviour is supported when someone has similar to theirs, its a form of
validation
→ People shy away from unknown, prefer predictability, similarity implies we will enjoy doing things with the other person because you like the same things
Physical Attraction
- The spark that ignites romantic relationship, not most important in maintaining a relationship
- Beauty differs between cultural perspectives
- Generally speaking...
→ Women rate traits: Considerateness, Honesty, Dependability, Kindness, Understanding, as High
→ Men rate traits: good looks, cooking skills, frugality, as High
- We usually seek out people with Similar level of Physical & Social Attractiveness
Attraction
Familiarity & Similarity
- Familiarity is a condition that is necessary for close relationships to develop
- Knowing eachother for a long amount of time
- We like to associate with people who are similar to us
→ Similar values, attitudes, intelligence, tastes, etc.
- Sometimes opposites attract, but overall similarity of Characteristics attracts
- Married couples with similar personality attributes have higher marital satisfaction than their counterparts with dissimilar personality attributes
- Similarity in attitudes and values did not predict marital satisfaction
- Consensual Validation explains peoples attraction to others who are similar to them
→ People's attitudes & behaviour is supported when someone has similar to theirs, its a form of
validation
→ People shy away from unknown, prefer predictability, similarity implies we will enjoy doing things with the other person because you like the same things
Physical Attraction
- The spark that ignites romantic relationship, not most important in maintaining a relationship
- Beauty differs between cultural perspectives
- Generally speaking...
→ Women rate traits: Considerateness, Honesty, Dependability, Kindness, Understanding, as High
→ Men rate traits: good looks, cooking skills, frugality, as High
- We usually seek out people with Similar level of Physical & Social Attractiveness